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          LV06-02-内核模块-02-内核模块的编译
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.2的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.6.0 build-24238078</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2019.04</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.19.71(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/v4.19.71</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的v4.19.71</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.19.35_1.1.0</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">Source Code</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/u-boot/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">uboot源码</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、内核模块怎么编写？"><a href="#一、内核模块怎么编写？" class="headerlink" title="一、内核模块怎么编写？"></a><font size=3>一、内核模块怎么编写？</font></h1><p>这里我们以一个最简单的字符设备为例，先来了解一下大概的流程，后续再继续详细学习。</p>
<h2 id="1-模块源文件"><a href="#1-模块源文件" class="headerlink" title="1. 模块源文件"></a><font size=3>1. 模块源文件</font></h2><p>我们需要编写一个模块源文件用于测试：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel</span><br><span class="line">cd drivers/char</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以看到这里有很多的源文件：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117130956701.png" alt="image-20241117130956701" />

<p>我们就在这里新建hello_world_demo.c源文件，并添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/kernel.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/init.h&gt;</span>     <span class="comment">/* module_init module_exit */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/module.h&gt;</span>   <span class="comment">/* MODULE_LICENSE */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块入口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> __init <span class="title function_">hello_world_demo_init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;hello_world_demo module is running!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块出口函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> __exit <span class="title function_">hello_world_demo_exit</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	printk(<span class="string">&quot;hello_world_demo will exit\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 将__init定义的函数指定为驱动的入口函数</span></span><br><span class="line">module_init(hello_world_demo_init);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 将__exit定义的函数指定为驱动的出口函数</span></span><br><span class="line">module_exit(hello_world_demo_exit);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 模块信息(通过 modinfo hello_world_demo 查看) */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_LICENSE(<span class="string">&quot;GPL&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 源码的许可证协议 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_AUTHOR(<span class="string">&quot;sumu&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块作者说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_DESCRIPTION(<span class="string">&quot;Description&quot;</span>);   <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块功能说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_ALIAS(<span class="string">&quot;module&#x27;s other name&quot;</span>); <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块别名 */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-Kconfig修改"><a href="#2-Kconfig修改" class="headerlink" title="2. Kconfig修改"></a><font size=3>2. Kconfig修改</font></h2><p>此步骤可以向linux的图形配置界面添加新功能配置选项。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd  driver/char/                      # 进入hello_world_demo.c的同级目录</span><br><span class="line">vim Kconfig                           # 打开相关配置文件</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>找到如下语句：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">source &quot;drivers/tty/Kconfig&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在该语句下边添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">config MY_HELLO</span><br><span class="line">	tristate &quot;This is my hello test!&quot;</span><br><span class="line">	help</span><br><span class="line">		This is a test for kernel new function</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117145426338.png" alt="image-20241117145426338" />

<p>然后保存退出即可，我们可以试一下有什么效果，我们回到顶层源码目录下，打开图形配置界面：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们按以下层级找到我们新添加的配置项：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Device Drivers  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        Character devices  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">            &lt; &gt; This is my hello_world_demo module load test! (NEW)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如下图所示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117145605191.png" alt="image-20241117145605191" />

<p>我们在这里，光标移动到新增加的配置项，按空格键，前面尖括号中的符号就会发生改变，<code>*</code>表示编译进内核，<code>M</code>表示编译成内核模块。这个分别对应两种加载方式，后面我们再讨论。</p>
<h2 id="3-Makefile修改"><a href="#3-Makefile修改" class="headerlink" title="3. Makefile修改"></a><font size=3>3. Makefile修改</font></h2><p>我们添加了新源码文件，自然要参与编译的，我们打开hello_world_demo.c同级目录下的Makefile：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim drivers/char/Makefile</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我么在这里面添加一句：</p>
<figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">obj-<span class="variable">$(CONFIG_MY_HELLO)</span>          += hello_world_demo.o</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117133027783.png" alt="image-20241117133027783" />

<p>【注意】这里需要是<code>CONFIG_xxx</code>，这个<code>xxx</code>就是上边修改<code>Kconfig</code>的时候添加的<code>config MY_HELLO</code>的<code>MY_HELLO</code>。这样的话后面我们需要在内核的图形配置界面打开这个模块，才能进行编译。</p>
<h1 id="二、模块的编译"><a href="#二、模块的编译" class="headerlink" title="二、模块的编译"></a><font size=3>二、模块的编译</font></h1><p>模块的编译有两种方式：一种是直接编译进内核，这样就只会生成一个中间文件<code>.o</code>，另一种是编译成单独的内核模块，会生成一个<code>.ko</code>文件。</p>
<h2 id="1-编译进内核"><a href="#1-编译进内核" class="headerlink" title="1. 编译进内核"></a><font size=3>1. 编译进内核</font></h2><h3 id="1-1-配置编译方式"><a href="#1-1-配置编译方式" class="headerlink" title="1.1 配置编译方式"></a><font size=3>1.1 配置编译方式</font></h3><p>这个我们在kernel的图形配置界面进行配置，我们这里打开<code>linux</code>内核图形配置界面：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后就会打开图形配置界面，我们按照下面的配置项路径找到刚才新增的配置项，选中后按空格键，将新功能前面尖括号的标识改为<code>*</code>，这就表示将新功能编译到内核中：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Device Drivers  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        Character devices  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">            &lt;*&gt; This is my hello_world_demo module load test!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>效果是这样的：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.config - Linux/arm 4.19.71 Kernel Configuration</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">&gt; </span><span class="language-bash">Device Drivers &gt; Character devices ─────────────────────────────────────────</span></span><br><span class="line"> ┌─────────────────────────── Character devices ───────────────────────────┐</span><br><span class="line"> │  Arrow keys navigate the menu.  &lt;Enter&gt; selects submenus ---&gt; (or empty │  </span><br><span class="line"> │  submenus ----).  Highlighted letters are hotkeys.  Pressing &lt;Y&gt;        │  </span><br><span class="line"> │  includes, &lt;N&gt; excludes, &lt;M&gt; modularizes features.  Press &lt;Esc&gt;&lt;Esc&gt; to │  </span><br><span class="line"> │  exit, &lt;?&gt; for Help, &lt;/&gt; for Search.  Legend: [*] built-in  [ ]         │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ ┌────^(-)─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [*]   Unix98 PTY support                                         │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [ ]   Legacy (BSD) PTY support                                   │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [ ]   Non-standard serial port support                           │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt; &gt;   HSDPA Broadband Wireless Data Card - Globe Trotter         │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt; &gt;   GSM MUX line discipline support (EXPERIMENTAL)             │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt; &gt;   Trace data sink for MIPI P1149.7 cJTAG standard            │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [*]   Automatically load TTY Line Disciplines                    │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt;*&gt; This is my hello_world_demo module load test!                │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [*] /dev/mem virtual device support                              │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [ ] /dev/kmem virtual device support                             │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ └────v(+)─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │  </span><br><span class="line"> ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤  </span><br><span class="line"> │        &lt;Select&gt;    &lt; Exit &gt;    &lt; Help &gt;    &lt; Save &gt;    &lt; Load &gt;         │  </span><br><span class="line"> └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘  </span><br><span class="line">   </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们选择保存，最后退出即可。然后我们可以看一下.config文件的变化：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117145759071.png" alt="image-20241117145759071" />

<h3 id="1-2-编译内核源码"><a href="#1-2-编译内核源码" class="headerlink" title="1.2 编译内核源码"></a><font size=3>1.2 编译内核源码</font></h3><p>我们不需要清空之前的配置文件，直接重新编译即可，注意这里不要执行这个使用默认配置文件的命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- imx_alpha_emmc_defconfig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>若是执行了，我们前面的配置就会被清空，需要重新在图形界面配置。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- distclean <span class="comment"># 这个清理的命令可以不执行</span></span></span><br><span class="line">make V=0 ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- zImage -j16 # 只编译内核</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>编译完毕后如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117150330450.png" alt="image-20241117150330450" />

<p>我们看一下drivers&#x2F;char目录，可以看到这里只生成了一个.o文件：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117152548998.png" alt="image-20241117152548998" />

<h3 id="1-3-启动测试"><a href="#1-3-启动测试" class="headerlink" title="1.3 启动测试"></a><font size=3>1.3 启动测试</font></h3><p>因为这个是直接编译进内核源码的，在启动的时候我们不需要做任何操作，不需要像后面独立模块一样需要用一些加载命令去加载，内核就会自动加载这个新功能，这里我们可以直接试一下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp arch/arm/boot/zImage ~/3tftp/ #将编译出来带有hello_world_demo功能的镜像拷贝到tftp服务器</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们启动开发板，之前设置的从tftp下载zImage，所以这里我们直接拷贝到tftp服务器目录下即可，启动后我们可以看到打印日志：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117153042631.png" alt="image-20241117153042631" />

<h2 id="2-编译成独立模块"><a href="#2-编译成独立模块" class="headerlink" title="2. 编译成独立模块"></a><font size=3>2. 编译成独立模块</font></h2><p>新功能源码与内核其它源码不一起编译，而是独立编译成内核的插件(被称为内核模块）文件<code>.ko</code>。然后可以通过一些命令进行插入或者卸载这个内核模块。</p>
<p>这种编译方式又有两种形式，主要是根据我们的模块源码位置来区分，我们可以在linux内核源码中编写模块的源码然后编译，这种方式显然不利于我们对多个模块源码的管理。内核模块的源码可以在linux内核源码外，通过调用内核源码相关的内容完成对独立模块的编译，第二种显然更利于我们对驱动模块源码的管理。接下来我们就来看一看这两种编译方式怎么实现。</p>
<h3 id="2-1-模块源码在linux内核源码中"><a href="#2-1-模块源码在linux内核源码中" class="headerlink" title="2.1 模块源码在linux内核源码中"></a><font size=3>2.1 模块源码在linux内核源码中</font></h3><h4 id="2-1-1-配置编译方式"><a href="#2-1-1-配置编译方式" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1 配置编译方式"></a><font size=3>2.1.1 配置编译方式</font></h4><p>我们还是使用上边的源文件hello_world_demo.c，该文件还是包含在<code>linux</code>内核源码中，这一次我们配置编译方式为另外一种：</p>
<p>修改新功能编译方式</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel</span><br><span class="line">make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后将新功能前边配置改为<code>M</code>，表示编译成独立的模块：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Device Drivers  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        Character devices  ---&gt;</span><br><span class="line">            &lt;M&gt; This is my hello_world_demo module load test! </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>最后效果是这样的：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.config - Linux/arm 4.19.71 Kernel Configuration</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">&gt; </span><span class="language-bash">Device Drivers &gt; Character devices ─────────────────────────────────────────</span></span><br><span class="line"> ┌─────────────────────────── Character devices ───────────────────────────┐</span><br><span class="line"> │  Arrow keys navigate the menu.  &lt;Enter&gt; selects submenus ---&gt; (or empty │  </span><br><span class="line"> │  submenus ----).  Highlighted letters are hotkeys.  Pressing &lt;Y&gt;        │  </span><br><span class="line"> │  includes, &lt;N&gt; excludes, &lt;M&gt; modularizes features.  Press &lt;Esc&gt;&lt;Esc&gt; to │  </span><br><span class="line"> │  exit, &lt;?&gt; for Help, &lt;/&gt; for Search.  Legend: [*] built-in  [ ]         │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ ┌────^(-)─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [ ]   Non-standard serial port support                           │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt; &gt;   HSDPA Broadband Wireless Data Card - Globe Trotter         │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt; &gt;   GSM MUX line discipline support (EXPERIMENTAL)             │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt; &gt;   Trace data sink for MIPI P1149.7 cJTAG standard            │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [*]   Automatically load TTY Line Disciplines                    │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt;M&gt; This is my hello_world_demo module load test!                │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [*] /dev/mem virtual device support                              │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    [ ] /dev/kmem virtual device support                             │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │        Serial drivers  ---&gt;                                         │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ │    &lt;*&gt; Serial device bus  ---&gt;                                      │ │  </span><br><span class="line"> │ └────v(+)─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │  </span><br><span class="line"> ├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤  </span><br><span class="line"> │        &lt;Select&gt;    &lt; Exit &gt;    &lt; Help &gt;    &lt; Save &gt;    &lt; Load &gt;         │  </span><br><span class="line"> └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘  </span><br><span class="line">   </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们来看一下配置文件.config的变化：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117153159666.png" alt="image-20241117153159666" />

<h4 id="2-1-2-编译内核"><a href="#2-1-2-编译内核" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2 编译内核"></a><font size=3>2.1.2 编译内核</font></h4><p>这里我们需要重新编译内核，主要是去掉之前内核镜像中带的hello_world_demo模块，到后面编译成独立模块的时候，就不需要吧镜像完整的编译一遍了。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel # 回到顶层源码目录下</span><br><span class="line">make V=0 ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- zImage -j16 # 只编译内核</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>用重新编译过的这个镜像的话，再在开发板上启动就不会有我们demo中打印的相关信息了。</p>
<h4 id="2-1-3-编译模块"><a href="#2-1-3-编译模块" class="headerlink" title="2.1.3 编译模块"></a><font size=3>2.1.3 编译模块</font></h4><p>接下来我们编译模块：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel  # 回到顶层源码目录下</span><br><span class="line">make V=0 ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- modules -j16        # 编译模块</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>不出意外的话我们应该可以看到以下打印信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117154215365.png" alt="image-20241117154215365" />

<p>会发现这里是在生成各种ko文件。我们自己的模块呢？这里也有：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117154309446.png" alt="image-20241117154309446" />

<p>我们来看一下drivers&#x2F;char目录：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117154418513.png" alt="image-20241117154418513" />

<p>会发现这里生成了一个ko文件，这就是我们最后要的独立模块。</p>
<h3 id="2-2-模块源码独立在其他目录"><a href="#2-2-模块源码独立在其他目录" class="headerlink" title="2.2 模块源码独立在其他目录"></a><font size=3>2.2 模块源码独立在其他目录</font></h3><p>这样每次都要使用 linux 源码目录下操作，文件也太多了，而且，这样会把所有的内核模块都编译一遍，还是很麻烦的。我们现在尝试在其他的目录单独创建模块驱动源码文件，然后调用<code>linux</code>源码进行编译，生成我们所需要的<code>.ko</code>内核模块文件。</p>
<p>注意：这种方式就不需要linux的图形界面的各种配置了。</p>
<h4 id="2-2-1-源码编写"><a href="#2-2-1-源码编写" class="headerlink" title="2.2.1 源码编写"></a><font size=3>2.2.1 源码编写</font></h4><ul>
<li>（1）新建一个目录用于存放我们的模块源码</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir ~/imx6ull-driver-demo/02_module_load/out_of_source # 新建一个目录</span><br><span class="line">cd ~/imx6ull-driver-demo/02_module_load/out_of_source    # 进入相应目录</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这里随便自定义一个目录就是了，都一样的。</p>
<ul>
<li>（2）编写模块源码文件</li>
</ul>
<p>这里我直接拷贝之前的文件到这里来：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel/drivers/char/hello_world_demo.c .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="2-2-2-Makefile文件编写"><a href="#2-2-2-Makefile文件编写" class="headerlink" title="2.2.2 Makefile文件编写"></a><font size=3>2.2.2 Makefile文件编写</font></h4><details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看 Makefile 文件内容 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <figure class="highlight makefile"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 模块名和模块测试APP名称</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_NAME       := hello_world_demo</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># NFS 共享目录</span></span><br><span class="line">TFTP_SERVER       ?= ~/3tftp</span><br><span class="line">NFS_SERVER        ?= ~/4nfs</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">TFTP_DIR          ?= <span class="variable">$(TFTP_SERVER)</span></span><br><span class="line">ROOTFS            ?= <span class="variable">$(NFS_SERVER)</span>/imx6ull_rootfs</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">ifeq</span> (<span class="variable">$(KERNELRELEASE)</span>,)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 选择可执行文件运行的平台</span></span><br><span class="line">KERNELDIR        ?= ~/7Linux/imx6ull-kernel</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">PWD              := <span class="variable">$(<span class="built_in">shell</span> pwd)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编译模块和测试程序</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">modules:</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$(MAKE)</span> ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -C <span class="variable">$(KERNELDIR)</span> M=<span class="variable">$(PWD)</span> modules</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"><span class="keyword">.PHONY</span>: clean</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">clean:</span></span><br><span class="line">	rm -rf  *.o  *.ko  .*.cmd  *.mod.*  modules.order  Module.symvers   .tmp_versions .cache.mk</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">help:</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;\033[1;32m================================ Help ================================\033[0m&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;Ubuntu may need to add sudo:&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;dmesg                     # View information printed by the kernel&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;file &lt;module_name&gt;.ko     # View \&quot;.Ko\&quot; file information&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;make ARCH=arm             # arm platform&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;\033[1;32m======================================================================\033[0m&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">print:</span></span><br><span class="line">	@echo <span class="string">&quot;KERNELDIR = <span class="variable">$(KERNELDIR)</span>&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">CONFIG_MODULE_SIG = n</span><br><span class="line">obj-m            += <span class="variable">$(MODULE_NAME)</span>.o</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">endif</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
              </div>
            </details>

<h4 id="2-2-3-编译模块"><a href="#2-2-3-编译模块" class="headerlink" title="2.2.3 编译模块"></a><font size=3>2.2.3 编译模块</font></h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make          # 编译模块</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>不出意外的话应该会有这些提示信息出现：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117160148522.png" alt="image-20241117160148522" />

<p>然后我们看一下当前目录下都有哪些文件：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV06-%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV06-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97-02-%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91/img/image-20241117160252648.png" alt="image-20241117160252648" />

<p>发现这里生成了一堆的中间文件，同样生成了我们所需要的ko文件。</p>

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    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/9d7cd0a7.html">LV06-02-内核模块-02-内核模块的编译</a></p>
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